{"id":710,"date":"2014-07-13T17:20:47","date_gmt":"2014-07-14T01:20:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ariplex.com\/folia\/?p=710"},"modified":"2014-07-17T18:32:45","modified_gmt":"2014-07-18T02:32:45","slug":"4-neue-meilensteine-der-medizinischen-forschung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ariplex.com\/folia\/archives\/710.htm","title":{"rendered":"4 neue Meilensteine der medizinischen Forschung"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Da\u00df innerhalb so kurzer Zeit 4 Meilensteine entdeckt werden, d\u00fcrfte nicht allzu h\u00e4ufig vorkommen, nehme ich an. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Meilenstein 1: die Steuerungsregion des Bewu\u00dftseins r\u00e4umlich lokalisiert<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>[*quote*]<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br \/>\n<strong>Consciousness on-off switch discovered deep in brain<\/strong><br \/>\n02 July 2014 by Helen Thomson<br \/>\nMagazine issue 2976<\/p>\n<p>ONE moment you&#8217;re conscious, the next you&#8217;re not. For the first time,<br \/>\nresearchers have switched off consciousness by electrically stimulating a<br \/>\nsingle brain area.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists have been probing individual regions of the brain for over a<br \/>\ncentury, exploring their function by zapping them with electricity and<br \/>\ntemporarily putting them out of action. Despite this, they have never been<br \/>\nable to turn off consciousness \u2013 until now.<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br \/>\n[*\/quote*]<\/p>\n<p>mehr:<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/mg22329762.700-consciousness-onoff-switch-discovered-deep-in-brain.html\">http:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/mg22329762.700-consciousness-onoff-switch-discovered-deep-in-brain.html<\/a>\n<\/ul>\n<p>#<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meilenstein 2: Hirnverletzungen erh\u00f6hen die Wahrscheinlichkeit f\u00fcr Demenz<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Die bisherigen Forschungen haben gezeigt, da\u00df Kopfst\u00f6\u00dfe beim Fu\u00dfball Sch\u00e4den hervorrufen. Wie ist es dann erst zu verantworten, da\u00df GEZIELT in Schulen Boxen &#8220;unterrichtet&#8221; wird? <\/p>\n<ul>[*quote*]<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br \/>\n<strong>Traumatic brain injury and risk of dementia in older veterans<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Deborah E. Barnes, PhD, MPH,<br \/>\nAllison Kaup, PhD,<br \/>\nKatharine A. Kirby, MA,<br \/>\nAmy L. Byers, PhD, MPH,<br \/>\nRamon Diaz-Arrastia, MD, PhD and<br \/>\nKristine Yaffe, MD<\/p>\n<p>Published online before print June 25, 2014,<br \/>\ndoi:<br \/>\n10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000616 Neurology 10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000616<\/p>\n<p>Abstract<\/p>\n<p>Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in military personnel,<br \/>\nand there is growing concern about the long-term effects of TBI on the<br \/>\nbrain; however, few studies have examined the association between TBI and<br \/>\nrisk of dementia in veterans.<\/p>\n<p>Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 188,764 US veterans<br \/>\naged 55 years or older who had at least one inpatient or outpatient visit<br \/>\nduring both the baseline (2000\u20132003) and follow-up (2003\u20132012) periods and<br \/>\ndid not have a dementia diagnosis at baseline. TBI and dementia diagnoses<br \/>\nwere determined using ICD-9 codes in electronic medical records. Fine-Gray<br \/>\nproportional hazards models were used to determine whether TBI was<br \/>\nassociated with greater risk of incident dementia, accounting for the<br \/>\ncompeting risk of death and adjusting for demographics, medical<br \/>\ncomorbidities, and psychiatric disorders.<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br \/>\n[*\/quote*]<\/p>\n<p>mehr:<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.neurology.org\/content\/early\/2014\/06\/20\/WNL.0000000000000616\">http:\/\/www.neurology.org\/content\/early\/2014\/06\/20\/WNL.0000000000000616<\/a>\n<\/ul>\n<p>#<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meilenstein 3: Neugeborene bei Sauerstoffmangel, zum Beispiel durch Geburtskomplikationen, zu unterk\u00fchlen, erh\u00f6ht die \u00dcberlebenswahrscheinlichkeit und verbessert langfristig die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer normalen Hirnleistung<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>[*quote*]<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br \/>\n<strong>Cooling protects oxygen-deprived infants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Use of hypothermia in babies at risk of brain damage lessens risk of long-term disability.<\/p>\n<p>Erika Check Hayden<\/p>\n<p>09 July 2014<\/p>\n<p>Nearly 750,000 babies born each year in the United Kingdom are at risk of<br \/>\nbrain damage because of low oxygen during birth.<\/p>\n<p>Cooling babies who are at risk of brain damage provides long-lasting<br \/>\nprevention of such injuries, researchers report today in the New England<br \/>\nJournal of Medicine1.<\/p>\n<p>A team led by Denis Azzopardi, a neonatologist at King\u2019s College London,<br \/>\nlowered the body temperature of 145 full-term babies who were born after<br \/>\nat least 36 weeks of gestation. All were at risk of brain damage because<br \/>\nthey had been deprived of oxygen during birth.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers cooled the infants to between 33\u00b0C and 34\u00b0C for 72 hours,<br \/>\nstarting within 6 hours of birth. The technique is known to boost the<br \/>\nchances that children avoid brain damage until they become toddlers2, but<br \/>\nany longer-term benefits have remained unclear.<\/p>\n<p>The study finds treated babies had better mental and physical health than<br \/>\nuntreated infants through to ages 6 or 7: they were 60% more likely to<br \/>\nhave normal intelligence, hearing and vision. Those who survived to<br \/>\nchildhood also had fewer disabilities such as difficulty walking and<br \/>\nseeing.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The bottom line is that this doubles a child\u2019s chance of normal<br \/>\nsurvival,&#8221; says David Edwards, a neonatologist at King\u2019s College London<br \/>\nand an author of the study.<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br \/>\n[*\/quote*]<\/p>\n<p>mehr:<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/cooling-protects-oxygen-deprived-infants-1.15525\">http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/cooling-protects-oxygen-deprived-infants-1.15525<\/a>\n<\/ul>\n<p>#<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meilenstein 4: eine der Grundfunktionen des Ged\u00e4chtnisbildung in den Hirnzellen entschl\u00fcsselt<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>[*quote*]<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br \/>\n<strong>Light switches memories on and off<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Researchers use optogenetics to provide the first hard evidence that long-term potentiation at brain synapses is crucial for memory formation<\/p>\n<p>Optogenetics Optogenetics allows researchers to control the activity of nerve cells using pulses of laser light delivered into the brain with an optical fibre. <\/p>\n<p>A team of researchers from the University of California, San Diego, has determined the cellular mechanism of memory formation, putting an end to decades of speculation about the matter.<\/p>\n<p>Most neuroscientists agree that memory formation involves the strengthening of synapses in the brain, and have assumed that this strengthening occurs by a form of synaptic plasticity called long-term potentiation (LTP), even though there was no hard evidence that this is the case.<\/p>\n<p>The new research uses state-of-the-art neurotechnology to show not only that that the strengthening of synapses by LTP is required for the formation of fearful memories, but also that weakening of the same synapses by a similar, opposing mechanism can erase the memories.<\/p>\n<p>LTP was discovered in the 1960s by a Norwegian scientist named Terje L\u00f8mo, who was using pairs of electrodes to examine the activity of nerve cells in the rabbit hippocampus. L\u00f8mo used one electrode to stimulate cells in one region, and the other to simultaneously measure changes in the activity of connected cells in a neighbouring area.<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br \/>\n[*\/quote*]<\/p>\n<p>mehr:<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/neurophilosophy\/2014\/jun\/03\/optogenetic-memory-switch\">http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/neurophilosophy\/2014\/jun\/03\/optogenetic-memory-switch<\/a>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Da\u00df innerhalb so kurzer Zeit 4 Meilensteine entdeckt werden, d\u00fcrfte nicht allzu h\u00e4ufig vorkommen, nehme ich an. Meilenstein 1: die Steuerungsregion des Bewu\u00dftseins r\u00e4umlich lokalisiert [*quote*] &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; Consciousness on-off switch discovered deep in brain 02 July 2014 by Helen Thomson Magazine issue 2976 ONE moment you&#8217;re conscious, the next you&#8217;re not. For the first time, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-710","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-meilenstgeine-der-forschung"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ariplex.com\/folia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/710","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ariplex.com\/folia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ariplex.com\/folia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ariplex.com\/folia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ariplex.com\/folia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=710"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/ariplex.com\/folia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":716,"href":"http:\/\/ariplex.com\/folia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/710\/revisions\/716"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ariplex.com\/folia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ariplex.com\/folia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ariplex.com\/folia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}